Package 'iemisc'

Description

Performs floor (or integer) division on 2 numeric vectors.

Usage

x %//% y

Arguments

Value

The integral part of the quotient is returned.

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

Jakub Przywóski: "Python Reference (The Right Way)". // floor division, 2015, Revision 9a3b94e7, https://python-reference.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docs/operators/floor_division.html.

Examples

# Example 1 -- From the Python reference

library(iemisc)

5.0 / 2
# 2.5

5.0 %//% 2
# 2.0

Description

This function preserves the original order (sequence) of character vectors.

Usage

y %inorder% table

Arguments

Value

character vector with the characters in the original sequence

Author(s)

John Wallace (Stack Overflow R code), Irucka Embry

Source

R - preserve order when using matching operators (

Examples

# Examples (from the Source)

LETTERS[1:26 %in% 4:1]

LETTERS[1:26 %inorder% 4:1]



LETTERS[1:26 %in% 3:-5]

LETTERS[1:26 %inorder% 3:-5]


data.frame(letters, LETTERS)[1:5 %in% 3:-5, ] 

data.frame(letters, LETTERS)[1:5 %inorder% 3:-5, ]


library(data.table)

data.table(letters, LETTERS)[1:5 %inorder% 3:-5, ] 


library(tibble)

tibble(letters, LETTERS)[1:5 %inorder% 3:-5, ]

Description

This function performs a quick, case sensitive search of character vectors that are not in a set of character vectors or a quick, search of numeric vectors that are not in a set of numeric vectors using Negate chin for character vectors and Negate in for numeric vectors

Usage

x %notchin% y

Arguments

Details

'Utilizes chin from data.table to quickly complete a case insensitive search through a character vector to return a logical vector of string detections. Will always return TRUE or FALSE for each position of string regardless of NA missing values in either provided vector. NA in string will never match an NA value in the vector.'

Value

logical vector the length of the original string (x). TRUE means that x is not in y and FALSE means that x is in y

Author(s)

kaijagahm (R code), Irucka Embry

Source

The

Examples

# Examples

x <- c("apple", "banana", "cherry", NA)

"apple" %notchin% x

c("apple", "BANANA", "coconut", NA) %notchin% x

x


"a" %notchin% letters[5:20]
letters[5:20] %notchin% "a"


"a" %notchin% LETTERS
LETTERS %notchin% "a"


1 %notchin% -12:20
-12:20 %notchin% 1

Description

This function performs a quick, case insensitive search of strings

Usage

string %qsin% vector

Arguments

Details

'Utilizes chin from data.table to quickly complete a case insensitive search through a character vector to return a logical vector of string detections. Will always return TRUE or FALSE for each position of string regardless of NA missing values in either provided vector. NA in string will never match an NA value in the vector.'

Value

logical vector the length of the original string

Author(s)

Dylan Russell (stackoverflow code, examples, and function details, function description), Irucka Embry

Source

data.table - R case-insensitive %in% - Stack Overflow answered and edited by Dylan Russell on Sep 13, 2020. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63874824/r-case-insensitive-in.

Examples

# Examples

x <- c("apple", "banana", "cherry", NA)

"apple" %qsin% x

c("APPLE", "BANANA", "coconut", NA) %qsin% x

Description

Calculates the value of inverse cosine for each element of x in degrees in a manner compatible with GNU Octave/MATLAB.

Usage

acosd(x)

Arguments

Value

The inverse cosine of each element of x in degrees.

Author(s)

David Bateman (GNU Octave acosd), Irucka Embry

References

John W. Eaton, David Bateman, Søren Hauberg, and Rik Wehbring (November 2022). GNU Octave: A high-level interactive language for numerical computations: Edition 7 for Octave version 7.3.0. https://docs.octave.org/octave.pdf. Page 554.

See Also

acos if you have a radian (rad) angle value

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Examples from GNU Octave acosd
acosd (seq(0, 1, by = 0.1))

Description

Calculates the value of inverse cotangent for each element of x in degrees in a manner compatible with GNU Octave/MATLAB.

Usage

acotd(x)

Arguments

Value

The inverse cotangent of each element of x in degrees.

Author(s)

David Bateman (GNU Octave acotd), Irucka Embry

References

John W. Eaton, David Bateman, Søren Hauberg, and Rik Wehbring (November 2022). GNU Octave: A high-level interactive language for numerical computations: Edition 7 for Octave version 7.3.0. https://docs.octave.org/octave.pdf. Page 554.

See Also

atan if you have a radian (rad) angle value

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Examples from GNU Octave acotd
acotd (seq(10, 90, by = 10))

Description

Calculates the value of inverse cosecant for each element of x in degrees in a manner compatible with GNU Octave/MATLAB.

Usage

acscd(x)

Arguments

Value

The inverse cosecant of each element of x in degrees.

Author(s)

David Bateman (GNU Octave acscd), Irucka Embry

References

John W. Eaton, David Bateman, Søren Hauberg, and Rik Wehbring (November 2022). GNU Octave: A high-level interactive language for numerical computations: Edition 7 for Octave version 7.3.0. https://docs.octave.org/octave.pdf. Page 554.

See Also

acsc if you have a radian (rad) angle value

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Examples from GNU Octave acscd
acscd (seq(0, 90, by = 10))

Description

Compute A given F

Usage

AgivenF(
  F,
  n,
  i,
  frequency = c("annual", "semiannual", "quarter", "bimonth", "month", "daily")
)

AF(
  F,
  n,
  i,
  frequency = c("annual", "semiannual", "quarter", "bimonth", "month", "daily")
)

Arguments

Details

A is expressed as

$A = F\left[\frac{i}{\left(1 + i\right)^n - 1}\right]$

A

the "uniform series amount (occurs at the end of each interest period)"

F

the "future equivalent"

i

the "effective interest rate per interest period"

n

the "number of interest periods"

Value

AgivenF numeric vector that contains the annual value(s) rounded to 2 decimal places

AF data.frame of both n (0 to n) and the resulting annual values rounded to 2 decimal places

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, and C. Patrick Koelling, Engineering Economy, Fourteenth Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009, pages 135-136, 142, 164.

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Example for equation 4-12 from the Reference text (pages 135-136)
AgivenF(309*10^6, 60, 0.5, "month")

# the interest rate is 0.5\% per month and n is 60 months
# "$4.4187 million per month" is the answer

AF(309*10^6, 60, 0.5, "annual")
# the interest rate is 0.5\% per month and n is 60 months

Description

Compute A given F with interest compounded continuously

Usage

AgivenFcont(F, n, r)

Arguments

Details

A is expressed as

$A = F\left[\frac{e^{r} - 1}{e^{rn} - 1}\right]$

A

the "annual equivalent amount (occurs at the end of each year)"

F

the "future equivalent"

r

the "nominal annual interest rate, compounded continuously"

n

the "number of periods (years)"

Value

AgivenFcont numeric vector that contains the annual value(s) rounded to 2 decimal places

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, and C. Patrick Koelling, Engineering Economy, Fourteenth Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009, page 169.

Examples

library(iemisc)

AgivenFcont(300, 2, 11) # 11\% interest

Description

Compute A given G

Usage

AgivenG(
  G,
  n,
  i,
  frequency = c("annual", "semiannual", "quarter", "bimonth", "month", "daily")
)

Arguments

Details

$A = G\left[\frac{1}{i} - \frac{n}{\left(1 + i\right)^n - 1}\right]$

A

the "uniform series amount (occurs at the end of each interest period)"

G

the "uniform gradient amount"

i

the "effective interest rate per interest period"

n

the "number of interest periods"

Value

AgivenG numeric vector that contains the annual value(s) rounded to 2 decimal places

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, and C. Patrick Koelling, Engineering Economy, Fourteenth Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009, pages 142, 150, 152-154, 164, 166-167.

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Example 4-20 from the Reference text (pages 153-154)
  AgivenG(1000, 4, 15, "annual") # the interest rate is 15\%


# Example 4-31 from the Reference text (pages 166-167)
  AgivenG(1000, 4, 20, "semiannual") # the nominal interest rate is 20\% compounded semiannually

Description

Compute A given P

Usage

AgivenP(
  P,
  n,
  i,
  frequency = c("annual", "semiannual", "quarter", "bimonth", "month", "daily")
)

AP(
  P,
  n,
  i,
  frequency = c("annual", "semiannual", "quarter", "bimonth", "month", "daily")
)

Arguments

Details

A is expressed as

$A = P\left[\frac{i\left(1 + i\right)^n}{\left(1 + i\right)^n - 1}\right]$

A

the "uniform series amount (occurs at the end of each interest period)"

P

the "present equivalent"

i

the "effective interest rate per interest period"

n

the "number of interest periods"

Value

AgivenP numeric vector that contains the annual value(s) rounded to 2 decimal places

AP data.frame of both n (0 to n) and the resulting annual values rounded to 2 decimal places

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, and C. Patrick Koelling, Engineering Economy, Fourteenth Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009, pages 136, 142, 164, 166.

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Example for equation 4-14 from the Reference text (page 136)
AgivenP(17000, 4, 1, "annual")
# the interest rate is 1\% per month and n is 4 months

AP(17000, 4, 1, "annual")
# the interest rate is 1\% per month and n is 4 months


# Example 4-30 from the Reference text (page 166)
AgivenP(10000, 5, 12, "month")
# the interest rate is 12% compounded monthly for 5 years

AP(10000, 5, 12, "month")
# the interest rate is 12% compounded monthly for 5 years

Description

Compute A given P with interest compounded continuously

Usage

AgivenPcont(P, n, r)

Arguments

Details

A is expressed as

$A = P\left[\frac{e^{rn}\left(e^{r} - 1\right)}{e^{rn} - 1}\right]$

A

the "annual equivalent amount (occurs at the end of each year)"

P

the "present equivalent"

r

the "nominal annual interest rate, compounded continuously"

n

the "number of periods (years)"

Value

AgivenPcont numeric vector that contains the annual value(s) rounded to 2 decimal places

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, and C. Patrick Koelling, Engineering Economy, Fourteenth Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009, pages 169-170.

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Example for equation 4-34 from the Reference text (page 170)
AgivenPcont(1000, 10, 20) # 20\% interest

Description

Calculates key parameters needed in the design of a packed column air stripper according to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Design Guide No. 1110-1-3: Air Stripping Engineering and Design (Design Guidelines). Please refer to the Design Guidelines for the governing equations and background information.

'Air stripping is the transferring of volatile components of a liquid into an air stream. It is an environmental engineering technology used for the purification of groundwaters and wastewaters containing volatile compounds.' (Reference: Wikipedia)

Usage

air_stripper(
  Temp,
  pTe,
  contam1,
  Cai,
  Cae,
  contam2,
  cas = NULL,
  Ha,
  Q,
  loading,
  ns,
  DL,
  DG,
  R,
  P_atm = NULL,
  dP = NULL,
  at = NULL,
  Sc = NULL,
  cf = NULL,
  Temp_unit = c("SI", "Eng", "Absolute"),
  dP_unit = c("inch", "mm"),
  at_unit = c("ft^2/ft^3", "m^2/m^3"),
  Sc_unit = c("kg/s^2", "slug/s^2"),
  contaminants_table = c(0, 1),
  removal_requirements_table = c(0, 1),
  critical_contaminant_table = c(0, 1)
)

Arguments

Value

the name of the critical contaminant, molar liquid (water) flow per unit of stripper cross-sectional area (kg mole/m^2 s), molar gas (air) flow per unit of stripper cross-sectional area (kg mole/m^2 s), height of transfer unit (HTU) [m and ft], number of transfer units (NTU), packing depth (m and feet), and the air to water ratio as a data.table. If contaminants_table = 1, provide the Contaminants Table. If removal_requirements_table = 1, provide the Removal Requirements Table. If critical_contaminant_table = 1, provide the Critical Contaminant Table.

Note

Please Note: Use these results as preliminary estimates only.

Please Note: This is not meant for any actual designs.

Please Note: The calculations assume dry air rather than humid air.

Please refer to the iemisc: Air Stripping By Packed Column Examples vignette for examples

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

1. Accu Dyne Test: Diversified Enterprises. Critical Surface Tension and Contact Angle with Water for Various Polymers, https://www.accudynetest.com/polytable_03.html.

2. Design Guide No. 1110-1-3: Air Stripping Engineering and Design Appendix D: Example Air Stripping By Packed Column, Department Of The Army U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 31 October 2001, pages D-1 - D-18, https://web.archive.org/web/20240217153739/https://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerDesignGuides/DG_1110-1-3.pdf?ver=2013-08-16-101222-003. Retrieved thanks to the Internet Archive: Wayback Machine

3. Edgar L Andreas, Design Guide No. 1110-1-3: Handbook of Physical Constants and Functions for Use in Atmospheric Boundary Layer Studies, Department Of The Army U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, October 2005, pages D-1 - D-18, https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA440352.pdf.

4. EnggCyclopedia. Tutorial: air density calculation, 3 January 2022, https://enggcyclopedia.com/2019/04/air-density-calculation/.

5. Harlan H. Bengtson, PhD, P.E. Continuing Education and Development, Inc., Calculation of Gas Density and Viscosity Course No: H02-008, https://www.scribd.com/document/452763833/Calculation-of-Gas-Density-and-Viscosity-pdf.

6. PCA Series Packed Column Air Strippers, H2K Technologies, Inc., 2011, page 2, http://www.h2ktech.com/pdf_downloads/PCA_Packed_Column_Air_Strippers.pdf.

7. Peter J. Mohr, David B. Newell, and Barry N. Taylor. Continuing Education and Development, Inc., CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2014, Reviews Of Modern Physics, Volume 88, July-September 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/20230608140030/https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/CODATA_JPCRD2016.pdf. Used the Internet Archive: Wayback Machine archived version for acceptance into CRAN.

8. The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty, Fundamental Constants Data Center of the NIST Physical Measurement Laboratory, "standard acceleration of gravity g_n", https://web.archive.org/web/20230427133623/https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gn. Used the Internet Archive: Wayback Machine archived version for acceptance into CRAN.

9. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Wikipedia, 27 March 2022, "Air stripping", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_stripping.

Description

This function computes the weighted CN (Curve Number) using the user-supplied unit or the default unit of an acre.

Usage

angle_force(i, j, k, axis = c("x-axis", "y-axis", "z-axis"))

Arguments

Value

the angle theta in degrees

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

Daniel W. Baker and William Haynes, "Engineering Statics: Open & Interactive", January 21, 2025, Page 30, https://engineeringstatics.org/.

Examples

# Example 1

Source: Masoud Olia, Ph.D., P.E. and Contributing Authors, "Barron\'s
Fundamentals of Engineering Exam", Hauppauge, New York: Barron\'s
Educational Series, Inc., 2015, Page 25

# "What is the angle between force F and the x-axis, where F = 30i + 50j -
# 20k Newtons?"

library(iemisc)

Fx <- 30  # 30i

Fy <- 50  # 50j

Fz <- -20  # -20k

angle_force(i = Fx, j = Fy, k = Fz, axis = "x-axis")



# Example 2 (Modified from Problem 111)

Source: OpenStax: "Calculus" Volume 3: 2.2 Vectors in Three Dimensions
[https://openstax.org/books/calculus-volume-3/pages/2-2-vectors-in-three-dimensions]

"A force F of 50N acts on a particle in the direction of the vector OP,
where P(3,4,0)."

"Find the angle between force F and the positive direction of the x-axis."

library(iemisc)

Px <- 3  # 3i

Py <- 4  # 4j

Pz <- 0  # 0k

angle_force(i = Px, j = Py, k = Pz, axis = "x-axis")

Description

This function computes the "approximate estimate of the error" ("percent relative error").

Usage

approxerror(pres, prev)

Arguments

Details

Approximate error is expressed as

$\varepsilon_{a} = \frac{{present \: approximation} - {previous \: approximation}}{present \: approximation} \cdot 100$

$\varepsilon_a$

the "approximate estimate of the error"

present approximation

the "present approximation"

previous approximation

the "previous approximation"

Value

approximate error, as a percent (%), as a numeric vector.

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

Steven C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists, Second Edition, Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw-Hill, 2008, pages 82-84.

See Also

sgm for geometric mean, shm for harmonic mean, cv for coefficient of variation (CV), rms for root-mean-square (RMS), relerror for relative error, and ranges for sample range.

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Example 4.1 from the Reference text (page 84)

approxerror(1.5, 1) # answer as a percent (\%)

Description

Calculates the value of inverse secant for each element of x in degrees in a manner compatible with GNU Octave/MATLAB.

Usage

asecd(x)

Arguments

Value

The inverse secant of each element of x in degrees.

Author(s)

David Bateman (GNU Octave asecd), Irucka Embry

References

John W. Eaton, David Bateman, Søren Hauberg, and Rik Wehbring (November 2022). GNU Octave: A high-level interactive language for numerical computations: Edition 7 for Octave version 7.3.0. https://docs.octave.org/octave.pdf. Page 554.

See Also

asec if you have a radian (rad) angle value

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Examples from GNU Octave asecd
asecd (seq(0, 90, by = 10))

Description

Calculates the value of inverse sine for each element of x in degrees in a manner compatible with GNU Octave/MATLAB.

Usage

asind(x)

Arguments

Value

The inverse sine of each element of x in degrees.

Author(s)

David Bateman (GNU Octave asind), Irucka Embry

References

John W. Eaton, David Bateman, Søren Hauberg, and Rik Wehbring (November 2022). GNU Octave: A high-level interactive language for numerical computations: Edition 7 for Octave version 7.3.0. https://docs.octave.org/octave.pdf. Page 554.

See Also

asin if you have a radian (rad) angle value

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Examples from GNU Octave asind
asind(seq(0, 1, by = 0.1))

Description

Calculates the value of the "two-argument arc-tangent" for each element of (y, x) in degrees in a manner compatible with GNU Octave/MATLAB.

Usage

atan2d(y, x)

Arguments

Value

The "two-argument arc-tangent" of each element of (y, x) in degrees. Note: "The arc-tangent of two arguments atan2(y, x) returns the angle between the x-axis and the vector from the origin to (x, y), i.e., for positive arguments atan2(y, x) == atan(y/x)." Source: Trig (base).

Author(s)

Rik Wehbring (GNU Octave atan2d), Irucka Embry

References

John W. Eaton, David Bateman, Søren Hauberg, and Rik Wehbring (November 2022). GNU Octave: A high-level interactive language for numerical computations: Edition 7 for Octave version 7.3.0. https://docs.octave.org/octave.pdf. Page 554.

See Also

atan2 if you have a radian (rad) angle value

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Examples from GNU Octave atan2d
atan2d (a <- seq(-1, 1, by = 0.1), b <- seq(1, -1, by = -0.1))

Description

Calculates the value of inverse tangent for each element of x in degrees in a manner compatible with GNU Octave/MATLAB.

Usage

atand(x)

Arguments

Value

The inverse tangent of each element of x in degrees.

Author(s)

David Bateman (GNU Octave atand), Irucka Embry

References

John W. Eaton, David Bateman, Søren Hauberg, and Rik Wehbring (November 2022). GNU Octave: A high-level interactive language for numerical computations: Edition 7 for Octave version 7.3.0. https://docs.octave.org/octave.pdf. Page 554.

See Also

atan if you have a radian (rad) angle value

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Examples from GNU Octave atand
atand (seq(0, 90, by = 10))

Description

Computes the bearing, in degrees, using the engineering survey measurement. Please refer to engr_survey for more information.

Usage

bearing_survey(
  Northing_begin,
  Easting_begin,
  Northing_end,
  Easting_end,
  units = c("survey_ft", "foot", "meters"),
  location = c("KY", "TN"),
  output = c("basic", "list")
)

Arguments

Value

the bearing as a numeric vector or a list which contains the bearing as a numeric vector and the begin, mid, and end points in decimal degrees (Longitude, Latitude) each as a data.table

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

See Also

engr_surveyer for the wrapper function

Examples

# Example 1 from project_midpoint function

library(iemisc)

Northing_begin <- 283715.8495
Easting_begin <- 1292428.3999

Northing_end <- 303340.6977
Easting_end <- 1295973.7743

exx <- bearing_survey(Northing_begin = Northing_begin, Easting_begin =
Easting_begin, Northing_end = Northing_end, Easting_end = Easting_end, units =
"survey_ft", location = "TN", output = "list")

exx



# Example 2 from engr_survey function

install.load::load_package("iemisc", "units", "geosphere")

# Modified from engr_survey Example

Northing <- c("630817.6396", "502170.6065")

Easting <- c("2559599.9201", "1433851.6509")

dt1 <- bearing_survey(Northing_begin = Northing[2], Easting_begin =
Easting[2], Northing_end = Northing[1], Easting_end = Easting[1], units =
"survey_ft", location = "TN", output = "list")

dt1

dt1_dist <- set_units(distGeo(c(dt1$begin$Longitude, dt1$begin$Latitude),
c(dt1$end$Longitude, dt1$end$Latitude)), m)

units(dt1_dist) <- make_units(mi)

dt1_dist

dt1_dist <- drop_units(dt1_dist)

dt1_dist


# Test against same coordinates with
# https://www.sunearthtools.com/tools/distance.php

# 83.51 degrees
# 214.194 mi

# Relative Error for the distance

relerror(dt1_dist, 214.194) # answer as a percent (\%)


# Relative Error for the bearing

relerror(dt1$bearing, 83.51) # answer as a percent (\%)

Description

Compute the benefit-cost ratio between two alternatives

Usage

benefitcost(
  ic1,
  n1,
  ac1,
  ab1,
  i1,
  salvage1,
  ic2,
  n2,
  ac2,
  ab2,
  i2,
  salvage2,
  option1,
  option2,
  table = c("ptable", "rtable", "both")
)

Arguments

Details

Benefit is expressed as

$Benefit = AB\left[\frac{\left(1 + i\right)^n - 1}{i\left(1 + i\right)^n}\right]$

Benefit

the present equivalent benefit

AB

the annual benefit

i

the "effective interest rate" per year

n

the number of years

Cost is expressed as

$Cost = PC + OM\left[\frac{\left(1 + i\right)^n - 1}{i\left(1 + i\right)^n}\right] - S\left[\frac{1}{\left(1 + i\right)^n}\right]$

Cost

the present equivalent cost

PC

the present or initial cost

OM

the annual operations & maintenance cost

S

the salvage value

i

the "effective interest rate" per year

n

the number of years

Benefit-Cost ratio is expressed as

$BC = \frac{B_2 - B_1}{C_2 - C_1} \geq 1$

BC

the present equivalent cost

$B_1$

the benefit for alternative 1

$B_2$

the benefit for alternative 2

$C_1$

the cost for alternative 1

$C_2$

the cost for alternative 2

Value

data.table with character vectors with the monetary values having thousands separator in a pretty table (ptable) & message with the best option, data.frame with numeric vectors without the thousands separator in regular table (rtable) & a message with the best option, or both options combined in a list

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

1. Michael R. Lindeburg, PE, EIT Review Manual, Belmont, California: Professional Publications, Inc., 1996, pages 14-2, 14-4.

2. William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, and C. Patrick Koelling, Engineering Economy, Fourteenth Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009, pages 133, 142, 442-443, 452-453.

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Example from Lindeburg Reference text (page 14-4)
benefitcost(ic1 = 300000, n1 = 10, ac1 = 45000, ab1 = 150000, i1 = 10,
salvage1 = 0, ic2 = 400000, n2 = 10, ac2 = 35000, ab2 = 200000, i2 = 10,
salvage2 = 10000, option1 = "A", option2 = "B", table = "rtable")


# This is useful for saving the results as the named data.frame rtable
rtable <- benefitcost(ic1 = 300000, n1 = 10, ac1 = 45000, ab1 = 150000,
i1 = 10, salvage1 = 0, ic2 = 400000, n2 = 10, ac2 = 35000, ab2 = 200000,
i2 = 10, salvage2 = 10000, option1 = "A", option2 = "B", table = "rtable")

rtable



# This is useful for saving the results as the named data.frame ptable
ptable <- benefitcost(ic1 = 300000, n1 = 10, ac1 = 45000, ab1 = 150000,
i1 = 10, salvage1 = 0, ic2 = 400000, n2 = 10, ac2 = 35000, ab2 = 200000,
i2 = 10, salvage2 = 10000, option1 = "A", option2 = "B", table = "ptable")

ptable



# This is useful for saving the results as the named list of 2 data.frames
# called both
both <- benefitcost(ic1 = 300000, n1 = 10, ac1 = 45000, ab1 = 150000,
i1 = 10, salvage1 = 0, ic2 = 400000, n2 = 10, ac2 = 35000, ab2 = 200000,
i2 = 10, salvage2 = 10000, option1 = "A", option2 = "B", table = "both")

both



# Example 10-8 from the Sullivan Reference text (pages 452-453)
project <- benefitcost(ic1 = 750000, n1 = 35, ac1 = 120000, ab1 = 245000,
i1 = 9, salvage1 = 0, ic2 = 625000, n2 = 25, ac2 = 110000, ab2 = 230000,
i2 = 9, salvage2 = 0, option1 = "Project I", option2 = "Project II",
table = "rtable")

project

Description

This function computes the composite CN (Curve Number) for connected impervious areas.

Usage

c_composite_CN(pervious_CN, impervious)

Arguments

Value

the Composite Runoff Curve Number as a single numeric vector, in the range [0, 100]

Note

Note: Please refer to iemiscdata: Weighted CN Calculations Using the Composite CN vignette in the iemiscdata package

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Engineering Division, "Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds Technical Release 55 (TR-55)", June 1986, pages 2-11 - 2-16, https://web.archive.org/web/20230810204711/https://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?content=22162.wba [Recovered with the Internet Archive: Wayback Machine]

Description

Takes the Cardinal direction (4-wind compass rose), Intercardinal direction (8-wind compass rose), Secondary intercardinal direction (16-wind compass rose), or Tertiary intercardinal direction (32-wind compass rose) character vector and transforms them into their decimal degrees equivalent (either a single numeric value for the minimal degrees or the character vector representing the numeric degrees range).

Usage

cardinal2deg(
  cardinal,
  main_winds = c(4, 8, 16, 32),
  result = c("numeric", "character")
)

Arguments

Value

the degrees as a numeric vector with the minimal degrees value or a character vector with a range of the degrees for the given direction.

Note

Stack Overflow user contributions are "distributed under the terms of CC BY-SA 3.0" "from 2011-04-08 up to but not including 2018-05-02 (UTC)". [Stack Overflow Reference] I have decided to make my adaptions to the Stack Overflow user contributions as CC BY-SA 4.0 thereby enabling me to license my adaptions to the aforementioned code as GPLv3. [Creative Commons References] Stack Overflow user contributions are "distributed under the terms of CC BY-SA 4.0" "on or after 2018-05-02 (UTC)". [Stack Overflow Reference] Thus, my adaptions of the Stack Overflow code can be released as GPLv3. [Creative Commons References]

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

Source

1. Stack Overflow: Convert from compass direcitions to degrees r answered by user2957945 on Mar 4, 2017 and edited by user2957945 on Mar 10, 2020. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42597344/convert-from-compass-direcitions-to-degrees-r.

2. Stack Overflow: Converting wind direction in angles to text words answered by azdatasci on Sep 26, 2018. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7490660/converting-wind-direction-in-angles-to-text-words.

References

1. Creative Commons. Weblog Archives, October 8, 2015, "CC BY-SA 4.0 now one-way compatible with GPLv3: The declaration increases interoperability of the commons for games, hardware designs, and more" Posted by mike, https://creativecommons.org/2015/10/08/cc-by-sa-4-0-now-one-way-compatible-with-gplv3/.

2. Stack Overflow. Help Center, "What is the license for the content I post?", https://stackoverflow.com/help/licensing.

See Also

deg2cardinal for the reverse function

Examples

# Examples

library(iemisc)

cardinal <- "North"

main_winds1 <- 4

main_winds2 <- 8

main_winds3 <- 16

main_winds4 <- 32

result1 <- "numeric"

result2 <- "character"

cardinal2deg(cardinal, main_winds = main_winds1, result = result1)

cardinal2deg(cardinal, main_winds = main_winds1, result = result2)


cardinal2deg(cardinal, main_winds = main_winds2, result = result1)

cardinal2deg(cardinal, main_winds = main_winds2, result = result2)


cardinal2deg(cardinal, main_winds = main_winds3, result = result1)

cardinal2deg(cardinal, main_winds = main_winds3, result = result2)


cardinal2deg(cardinal, main_winds = main_winds4, result = result1)

cardinal2deg(cardinal, main_winds = main_winds4, result = result2)

Description

This function "provides the fast, accurate, and robust computation of the Colebrook-White equation" to determine the "Darcy-Weisbach friction factor F". This method is "more efficient than the solution of the Colebrook equation via the Lambert W-function, or the simple approximations." The solution is accurate to "around machine precision for all R > 3 and for all 0 <= K, i.e. in an interval exceeding all values of physical interest." Reference: Clamond

Usage

colebrook(Re, K = NULL)

Arguments

Details

Colebrook-White equation is expressed as

$\frac{1}{\sqrt{F}} = -2 * log10{\frac{K}{3.7} + \frac{2.51}{R * \sqrt{F}}}$

F

Darcy-Weisbach friction factor

K

Equivalent sand roughness height (material specific roughness) divided by the hydraulic diameters

R

the Reynolds' number (dimensionless)

Value

F Return a numeric vector containing the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor. Reference: Clamond

Author(s)

Didier Clamond (colebrook MATLAB function), Irucka Embry (colebrook R function)

References

1. Steven C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB for Engineers and Scientists, Second Edition, Boston, Massachusetts: McGraw-Hill, 2008, pages 157-161.

2. Didier Clamond, "Efficient resolution of the Colebrook equation", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2009, 48 (7), pages 3665-3671 https://arxiv.org/abs/0810.5564 and https://math.univ-cotedazur.fr/~didierc/DidPublis/ICR_2009.pdf

See Also

Re1, Re2, Re3, Re4 for the Reynolds number and f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7, and f8 for the Darcy friction factor

Examples

install.load::load_package("iemisc", "units")

# Example 1 (Reference: Clamond)
F <- colebrook(c(3e3, 7e5, 1e100), 0.01)

F


# Example 2
# 'Determine f for air flow through a smooth, thin tube. The parameters are
# rho = 1.23 kg/m^3, mu = 1.79 x 10^-5 N * s/m^2, D = 0.005 m, V = 40 m/s
# and epsilon = 0.0015 mm.' Reference: Chapra 158

# Determine R (the Reynolds number) first using the following parameters:

rho <- 1.23 # kg/m^3
V <- 40 # m/s
D <- 0.005 # m
mu <- 1.79 * 10^-5 # N * s/m^2

eps <- 0.0015 # mm
eps <- set_units(eps, "mm")
units(eps) <- make_units(m)

Re <- rho * V * D / mu


K <- drop_units(eps) / D


# with K
fr1 <- colebrook(Re, K); fr1

# without K
fr2 <- colebrook(Re); fr2


# The solution on Chapra 159 and 160 is 'f = 0.02896781017144' which was
# computed using the Newton-Raphson method, Swamee-Jain approximation
# equation, and MATLAB's fzero function.

# Thus,
fm <- 0.02896781017144

# Compute the relative error between fr[1 and 2] (this function) and fm (Chapra).

relerror(fr1, fm)


relerror(fr2, fm)

# compare the relative error with and without K

Description

Computes the total interest paid at the end of n periods using compound interest

Usage

CompIntCharg(
  P,
  n,
  i,
  frequency = c("annual", "semiannual", "quarter", "bimonth", "month", "daily")
)

Arguments

Details

Compound Interest Charged is expressed as

$I = P\left(1 + i\right)^n - P$

P

the "principal amount (lent or borrowed)"

$I$

the "total interest paid"

i

the "interest rate per interest period"

n

the "number of interest periods"

Value

CompIntCharg numeric vector that contains the total interest paid at the end of n periods rounded to 2 decimal places

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

1. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. 3rd Edition, DiNenno, P. J.; Drysdale, D.; Beyler, C. L.; Walton, W. D., Editor(s), page 5-94, 2002. Chapter 7; Section 5; NFPA HFPE-02. See https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185316/http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build02/PDF/b02155.pdf.

2. William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, and C. Patrick Koelling, Engineering Economy, Fourteenth Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009, page 120.

3. Chinyere Onwubiko, An Introduction to Engineering, Mission, Kansas: Schroff Development Corporation, 1997, pages 205-206.

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Compound Interest example from SFPE Reference text
# Modified example to provide the compounded interest amount paid only

CompIntCharg(100, 5, 10, frequency = "annual") # the interest rate is 10\%

Description

Computes the total amount paid at the end of n periods using compound interest

Usage

CompIntPaid(
  P,
  n,
  i,
  frequency = c("annual", "semiannual", "quarter", "bimonth", "month", "daily")
)

Arguments

Details

Compound Interest is expressed as

$S_n = P\left(1 + i\right)^n$

P

the "principal amount (lent or borrowed)"

$S_n$

the "total amount paid back"

i

the "interest rate per interest period"

n

the "number of interest periods"

Value

CompIntPaid numeric vector that contains the total amount paid at the end of n periods rounded to 2 decimal places

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

1. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. 3rd Edition, DiNenno, P. J.; Drysdale, D.; Beyler, C. L.; Walton, W. D., Editor(s), page 5-94, 2002. Chapter 7; Section 5; NFPA HFPE-02. See https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185316/http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build02/PDF/b02155.pdf.

2. William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, and C. Patrick Koelling, Engineering Economy, Fourteenth Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009, page 120.

3. Chinyere Onwubiko, An Introduction to Engineering, Mission, Kansas: Schroff Development Corporation, 1997, pages 205-206.

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Compound Interest example from SFPE Reference text
CompIntPaid(100, 5, 10, frequency = "annual") # the interest rate is 10%

Description

Calculates the amount of cement, sand, gravel, and water needed for a test batch volume of structural lightweight concrete using the weight method. Note: Currently, this function only works with air-entrained concrete as the author has not found a table to compute the weight of concrete for nonair- entrained concrete.

Usage

concr_mix_lightweight_strength(
  fc,
  slump_use = NULL,
  max_size_aggr,
  FM,
  sgf_coarse,
  dry_rod_wt_aggr,
  absorp_coarse,
  absorp_fine,
  entrainment = c("Nonair", "Air"),
  construction_type = c("Beams and reinforced walls", "Building columns", "Floor slabs"),
  slump_value = c("Maximum", "Maximum + 1", "Minimum", "Minimum + 1"),
  exposure = c("Mild", "Moderate", "Extreme"),
  structure_type = c("Thin section", "Other"),
  severe_exposure = c("Wet", "Sea water"),
  trial_batch = c("1 cubic yard", "1 cubic foot", "0.5 cubic foot", "0.2 cubic foot",
    "All")
)

Arguments

Value

the amounts of cement, sand, gravel, and water in lb, rounded to the hundredth, as a list to make 1 yd^3, 1 ft^3, 0.5 ft^3, or 0.2 ft^3 of structural lightweight concrete or as a data.table containing all batch volumes.

Author(s)

Irucka Embry, Hans Werner Borchers for the interp1 and interp2 functions from pracma

Source

1. r - Error when doing bilinear interpolation with 'interp2 pracma'; any better way for 2D interpolation? - Stack Overflow answered and edited by Zheyuan Li on Dec 8 2016. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41032225/error-when-doing-bilinear-interpolation-with-interp2-pracma-any-better-way.

2. r - data.table 1.10.0 - why does a named column index value not work while a integer column index value works without with = FALSE - Stack Overflow answered and edited by Matt Dowle on Dec 8 2016. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41032225/error-when-doing-bilinear-interpolation-with-interp2-pracma-any-better-way.

References

ACI Committee 211, Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Structural Lightweight Concrete (ACI 211.2-98), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 18 pages. 1998, 211.2-98.

See Also

concr_mix_normal_strength for Concrete Mix Design for Normal Strength (Normal-weight) Concrete

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Example A from Section 3.2.3 using the 'Weight method (specific gravity
# pycnometers)' from ACI Committee 211
# Design a concrete mix for 3500 psi concrete strength, 'floor slab of a
# multistory structure subjected to freezing and thawing during
# construction', and a maximum size of aggregate = 3/4 in, with Fineness
# Modulus of sand = 2.80, 'the oven-dry loose weight of coarse aggregate' =
# 47 lb/ft^3 with a specific gravity factor = 1.50, and a absorption of
# 11.0\% for the coarse aggregate and 1.0\% for the fine aggregate.

concr_mix_lightweight_strength(fc = 3500, max_size_aggr = 3 / 4, FM = 2.80,
sgf_coarse = 1.50, dry_rod_wt_aggr = 47, absorp_coarse = 11.0,
absorp_fine = 1.0, entrainment = "Air", construction_type = "Floor slabs",
slump_value = "Maximum", exposure = "Extreme", structure_type = "Other",
severe_exposure = "Wet", trial_batch = "1 cubic foot")

Description

Calculates the amount of cement, sand, gravel, and water needed for a test batch volume of normal strength concrete using the volumetric method.

Usage

concr_mix_normal_strength(
  fc,
  slump_use = NULL,
  max_size_aggr,
  FM,
  dry_rod_wt_aggr,
  mc_coarse,
  mc_fine,
  entrainment = c("Nonair", "Air"),
  construction_type = c("Reinforced Foundation walls and footings",
    "Plain footings and caissons", "Slabs, beams and reinforced walls",
    "Building Columns", "Pavements and slabs", "Heavy mass construction"),
  slump_value = c("Maximum", "Maximum + 1", "Minimum"),
  exposure = c("Nonair", "Mild", "Moderate", "Extreme"),
  trial_batch = c("1 cubic yard", "1 cubic foot", "0.5 cubic foot", "0.2 cubic foot",
    "All")
)

Arguments

Value

the amounts of cement, sand, gravel, and water in lb, rounded to the hundredth, as a list to make 1 yd^3, 1 ft^3, 0.5 ft^3, or 0.2 ft^3 of normal strength concrete or as a data.table containing all batch volumes.

Author(s)

Irucka Embry, Hans Werner Borchers for the interp1 and interp2 functions from pracma

Source

1. r - Error when doing bilinear interpolation with 'interp2 pracma'; any better way for 2D interpolation? - Stack Overflow answered and edited by Zheyuan Li on Dec 8 2016. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41032225/error-when-doing-bilinear-interpolation-with-interp2-pracma-any-better-way.

2. r - data.table 1.10.0 - why does a named column index value not work while a integer column index value works without with = FALSE - Stack Overflow answered and edited by Matt Dowle on Dec 8 2016. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41032225/error-when-doing-bilinear-interpolation-with-interp2-pracma-any-better-way.

References

Edward G. Nawy, Reinforced Concrete: A Fundamental Approach, 5th Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005, pages 23-28.

See Also

concr_mix_lightweight_strength for Concrete Mix Design for Structural Lightweight Concrete

Examples

library(iemisc)

# 'Example 3.1 Mixture Design of Normal-weight Concrete' from Nawy
# (pages 23-28)
# Design a concrete mix for 4000 psi concrete strength, beam, and a maximum
# size of aggregate = 3/4 in, with Fineness Modulus of sand = 2.6, the dry
# rodded weight of aggregate = 100 lb/ft^3^, and a moisture content of 3\%
# for the coarse aggregate and 2\% for the fine aggregate.

concr_mix_normal_strength(fc = 4000, max_size_aggr = 3 / 4, FM = 2.6,
dry_rod_wt_aggr = 100, mc_coarse = 3, mc_fine = 2, entrainment = "Nonair",
construction_type = "Reinforced Foundation walls and footings", slump_value
= "Maximum", exposure = "Nonair", trial_batch = "1 cubic yard")

Description

Convert a construction measurement in US Customary Units (foot + inch) with or without a fraction into its equivalent as a decimal

Usage

construction_decimal(
  measurement,
  decimal = c("traditional", "librecad"),
  output = c("vector", "table")
)

Arguments

Value

the construction measurement value as a numeric vector as a decimal or as a table (depends on the output parameters)

the construction measurement value as a character vector as foot + fraction of an inch or as inch + fraction of an inch (depends on the parameters)

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

Source

1. removing all non-numeric characters from a string, but not "." - R help on nabble.com answered by David Winsemius on Jul 26, 2016. See https://web.archive.org/web/20190730141421/http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/removing-all-non-numeric-characters-from-a-string-but-not-quot-quot-td4723146.html. Retrieved thanks to the Internet Archive: Wayback Machine

2. r - How to not run an example using roxygen2? - Stack Overflow answered and edited by samkart on Jul 9 2017. (Also see the additional comments in response to the answer.) See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12038160/how-to-not-run-an-example-using-roxygen2.

3. devtools - Issues in R package after CRAN asked to replace dontrun by donttest - Stack Overflow answered by Hong Ooi on Sep 1 2020. (Also see the additional comments in response to the answer.) See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63693563/issues-in-r-package-after-cran-asked-to-replace-dontrun-by-donttest.

4. regex - Replace single backslash in R - Stack Overflow answered and edited by Hong Ooi on Aug 21, 2014. (Also see the additional comments in response to the answer.) See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25424382/replace-single-backslash-in-r.

References

1. LibreCAD v2.2.0 - User Manual - Fundamentals: Units, 7 May 2022, https://librecad-docs-dev.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ref/fundamentals.html#units.

2. Spike, 1 January 2022, "Foot and Inch to Decimal Format Conversion", https://www.spikevm.com/calculators/fraction-decimal-calculators.php.

See Also

construction_measurement for the wrapper function and frac_to_numeric if you only have a measurement in inches

Examples

# Please refer to the iemisc: Construction Measurement Examples vignette for
# additional examples

# Example 1

library(iemisc)

construction_decimal("2'-0\"", decimal = "traditional", output = "vector")

construction_decimal("1'-2 7/16\"", decimal = "librecad", output = "vector")



# Example 2

library(iemisc)

construction_decimal("0 6", decimal = "traditional", output = "vector")
# read as 0 feet 6 inches

construction_decimal("0 6", decimal = "librecad", output = "vector")
# read as 0 feet 6 inches


# Example 3

library(iemisc)

tss1 <- "48'-0 1/2\""
tss2 <- "56-9 1/2\""

sum(construction_decimal(tss1, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector"),
construction_decimal(tss2, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector"))



# See Source 2 and Source 3

# Example 4

library(iemisc)

try(construction_decimal(5, decimal = "traditional", output =
"vector")) # please see the error message

ex_error <- character(0)
try(construction_decimal(ex_error, decimal = "traditional",
output = "vector")) # please see the error message

try(construction_decimal(NA, decimal = "traditional", output =
"vector")) # please see the error message

try(construction_decimal("feet", decimal = "traditional", output =
"vector")) # please see the error message




# Example 5

library(iemisc)

app1 <- "5' 2\""

app2 <- "6' 3\""

app3 <- construction_decimal(app1, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector") *
construction_decimal(app2, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector")
app3

# If you want to have the fractional value using 16ths, do the following:

construction_fraction(app3, result = "traditional", decimal = "traditional",
fraction = 16)

Description

Convert a construction measurement in US Customary Units (foot + inch) with or without a fraction into its equivalent as an Engineering value (LibreCAD style)

Usage

construction_decimal_eng(measurement)

Arguments

Value

the engineering construction measurement value as a character vector. In LibreCAD, a construction measurement of 1'-2 7/16" = 14.43112 (decimal) = 1'-2.43112" (engineering).

Author(s)

Irucka Embry, R. van Twisk (rs_units.cpp code)

Source

regex - Replace single backslash in R - Stack Overflow answered and edited by Hong Ooi on Aug 21, 2014. (Also see the additional comments in response to the answer.) See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25424382/replace-single-backslash-in-r.

References

1. LibreCAD, User Manual - Fundamentals: Units: Engineering and Decimal, 7 May 2022, https://librecad-docs-dev.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ref/fundamentals.html#units.

2. LibreCAD rs_units.cpp code referencing how to calculate the engineering units.

See Also

construction_measurement for the wrapper function

Examples

# Please refer to the iemisc: Construction Measurement Examples vignette for
# additional examples

library(iemisc)

librecad1a <- "1 ft 2 7/16\""

construction_decimal_eng(librecad1a)


librecad4a <- 14.43112

construction_decimal_eng(librecad4a)


librecad5a <- 14.4375

construction_decimal_eng(librecad5a)


librecad6a <- 17.71354

construction_decimal_eng(librecad6a)


librecad7a <- 86.000000

construction_decimal_eng(librecad7a)


checkst <- 14.43112

construction_decimal_eng(checkst)

construction_fraction(checkst, decimal = "librecad", result = "traditional",
fraction = 16)

Description

Convert a construction measurement in US Customary Units as a decimal into its nearest equivalent as foot + inch with or without a fraction

Usage

construction_fraction(
  measurement,
  decimal = c("traditional", "librecad"),
  result = c("traditional", "inch"),
  fraction = c(0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 100, 128, 256)
)

Arguments

Value

the construction measurement value as a character vector as foot + fraction of an inch or as inch + fraction of an inch (depends on the parameters)

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

1. Spike, 7 May 2022, "How to Convert Feet in Decimal Format to Foot, Inch and Fraction Values", https://www.spikevm.com/construction-math/convert-decimal-fraction.php.

2. myCarpentry, 7 May 2022, "Online Fraction Calculator", https://www.mycarpentry.com/online-fraction-calculator.html.

3. LibreCAD, User Manual - Fundamentals: Units: Architectural and Decimal, 7 May 2022, https://librecad-docs-dev.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ref/fundamentals.html#units.

4. Inch Calculator. Inch Fraction Calculator – Convert Decimal to Inches, 9 May 2022, https://www.inchcalculator.com/inch-fraction-calculator/.

See Also

construction_measurement for the wrapper function

Examples

# Please refer to the iemisc: Construction Measurement Examples vignette for
# additional examples

library(iemisc)

# Example 1 from the Spike Reference

check1 <- 18.649 # decimal feet

construction_fraction(check1, decimal = "traditional", result =
"traditional", fraction = 16)

# Reverse the calculation to check out the absolute error

check2 <- construction_decimal(construction_fraction(check1,
decimal = "traditional", result = "traditional", fraction = 16),
decimal = "traditional", output = "vector")

fracture::fracture(check2 - check1) # difference in inches

# by approximate error

approxerror(check2, check1) # answer as a percent (\%)


# check all other fraction levels

construction_fraction(check1, decimal = "traditional", result =
"traditional", fraction = 0)

construction_fraction(check1, decimal = "traditional", result =
"traditional", fraction = 2)

construction_fraction(check1, decimal = "traditional", result =
"traditional", fraction = 4)

construction_fraction(check1, decimal = "traditional", result =
"traditional", fraction = 8)

construction_fraction(check1, decimal = "traditional", result =
"traditional", fraction = 32)

construction_fraction(check1, decimal = "traditional", result =
"traditional", fraction = 64)

construction_fraction(check1, decimal = "traditional", result =
"traditional", fraction = 100)

construction_fraction(check1, decimal = "traditional", result =
"traditional", fraction = 128)





# Example 2

library(iemisc)
import::from(fpCompare, "%==%")


x1 <- construction_fraction(1.203125, decimal = "traditional", result =
"traditional", fraction = 16)

x2 <- construction_fraction(14.4375, decimal = "librecad", result =
"inch", fraction = 16)

x3 <- construction_fraction(14.4375, decimal = "librecad", result =
"traditional", fraction = 16)

x4 <- construction_fraction(14.43112, decimal = "librecad", result =
"traditional", fraction = 16)

x5 <- construction_fraction(14.43112, decimal = "librecad", result =
"inch", fraction = 16)


ex1 <- frac_to_numeric(x2)

ex2 <- construction_decimal(x1, decimal = "librecad", output = "vector")

ex3 <- construction_decimal(x3, decimal = "librecad", output = "vector")

ex4 <- construction_decimal(x4, decimal = "librecad", output = "vector")

ex5 <- frac_to_numeric(x5)


# check if ex1, ex2, ex3, ex4, and ex5 are equivalent
ex1 %==% ex2

ex1 %==% ex3

ex1 %==% ex4

ex1 %==% ex5

ex2 %==% ex3

ex2 %==% ex4

ex2 %==% ex5

ex3 %==% ex4

ex3 %==% ex5

ex4 %==% ex5




# Example 3 (from the Inch Calculator Reference)

library(iemisc)

construction_fraction(2.695, decimal = "librecad", result = "traditional",
fraction = 16)

construction_fraction(2.695, decimal = "librecad", result = "inch",
fraction = 16)




# Example 4

library(iemisc)

construction_fraction(17.71354, decimal = "traditional", result = "traditional",
fraction = 16)

construction_fraction(17.71354, decimal = "traditional", result = "inch",
fraction = 16)

Description

Wrapper function to the construction_fraction, frac_to_numeric, construction_decimal, and construction_decimal_eng functions.

Usage

construction_measurement(
  measurement,
  decimal = c("traditional", "librecad"),
  result = c("traditional", "inch"),
  fraction = c(0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 100, 128, 256),
  output = c("vector", "table"),
  final = c("fraction", "decimal", "decimal_eng")
)

Arguments

Value

the construction measurement value as a character vector as foot + fraction of an inch or as inch + fraction of an inch (depends on the parameters); a decimal; the construction measurement value as a numeric vector as a decimal or as a table (depends on the output parameters); OR the engineering construction measurement value as a character vector. In LibreCAD, a construction measurement of 1'-2 7/16" = 14.43112 (decimal) = 1'-2.43112" (engineering).

See Also

construction_fraction for Construction Fraction, frac_to_numeric for Fraction (or Mixed number) to a Decimal (Numeric Vector), construction_decimal for Construction Decimal, and construction_decimal_eng for Construction Decimal Engineering (LibreCAD Style).

Examples

# Examples

library(iemisc)

# Example 1 from Example 2 in construction_fraction

check1 <- 14.43112 # decimal feet

construction_measurement(check1, decimal = "traditional", result = "traditional", fraction = 16, final = "fraction")

construction_fraction(check1, decimal = "traditional", result = "traditional", fraction = 16)




# Example 2

library(iemisc)

construction_measurement(17.71354, decimal = "traditional", result = "traditional",
fraction = 16, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(17.71354, decimal = "traditional", result = "inch",
fraction = 16, final = "fraction")




# Example 3

library(iemisc)

# 0.2356 inch

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "traditional", result = "traditional",
fraction = 16, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "librecad", result = "traditional",
fraction = 16, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "traditional", result = "inch",
fraction = 16, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "librecad", result = "inch",
fraction = 16, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "traditional", result = "traditional",
fraction = 128, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "librecad", result = "traditional",
fraction = 128, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "traditional", result = "inch",
fraction = 128, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "librecad", result = "inch",
fraction = 128, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "traditional", result = "traditional",
fraction = 256, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "librecad", result = "traditional",
fraction = 256, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "traditional", result = "inch",
fraction = 256, final = "fraction")

construction_measurement(0.2356, decimal = "librecad", result = "inch",
fraction = 256, final = "fraction")




# Example 4 from Example 6 in frac_to_numeric

library(iemisc)

xxift <- "49 ft 7 5/8 in"

construction_measurement(xxift, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector",
final = "decimal") %==% construction_decimal(xxift, decimal = "traditional",
output = "vector")

construction_measurement(xxift, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector",
final = "decimal")
construction_decimal(xxift, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector")




# Example 5 from Example 7 -- Reference 2 in frac_to_numeric

install.load::load_package("iemisc", "fpCompare")

truss_marks <- "19 3/16 inches"

construction_measurement(truss_marks, final = "decimal") %==%
frac_to_numeric(truss_marks)

construction_measurement(truss_marks, final = "decimal")
frac_to_numeric(truss_marks)




# Example 6 from Example 2 in construction_decimal

install.load::load_package("iemisc", "fpCompare")


tos <- "0 6"

construction_measurement(tos, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector",
final = "decimal") %==% construction_decimal("0 6", decimal = "traditional",
output = "vector")

construction_measurement(tos, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector",
final = "decimal")
construction_decimal("0 6", decimal = "traditional", output = "vector")




# Example 7 from Example 3 in construction_decimal

install.load::load_package("iemisc", "fpCompare")

tss2 <- "56-9 1/2\""

construction_measurement(tss2, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector",
final = "decimal") %==% construction_decimal(tss2, decimal = "traditional",
output = "vector")

construction_measurement(tss2, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector",
final = "decimal")
construction_decimal(tss2, decimal = "traditional", output = "vector")




# Example 8 from Example 5 in frac_to_numeric

install.load::load_package("iemisc", "fpCompare")

pix <- "270/11"

construction_measurement(pix, final = "decimal") %==% frac_to_numeric(pix)

construction_measurement(pix, final = "decimal")
frac_to_numeric(pix)




# Example 9

# There are 315 plates with a length of 12 7/8 inch and a width of 4 1/2 inch.
# What is the total length, width, and area of the plates?

install.load::load_package("iemisc", "units")

np <- 315

# total length (in)
ll <- "12 7/8" # inch

np_ll <- np * construction_measurement(ll, final = "decimal")
np_ll


# total width (in)

ww <- "4 1/2" # inch

np_ww <- np * construction_measurement(ww, final = "decimal")
np_ww


# total area (in^2)

ta <- np_ll * np_ww
ta

# total area (ft^2)

ta <- np_ll * np_ww
ta

ta_ft2 <- set_units(ta, inch^2)

units(ta_ft2) <- make_units(feet^2)

Description

Calculates the value of cosine for each element of x in degrees in a manner compatible with GNU Octave/MATLAB. Zero is returned for any 'elements where (x - 90) / 180 is an integer.' Reference: Eaton.

Usage

cosd(x)

Arguments

Value

The cosine of each element of x in degrees. Zero for any 'elements where (x - 90) / 180 is an integer.'

Author(s)

David Bateman (GNU Octave cosd), Irucka Embry

Source

1. r - How to not run an example using roxygen2? - Stack Overflow answered and edited by samkart on Jul 9 2017. (Also see the additional comments in response to the answer.) See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12038160/how-to-not-run-an-example-using-roxygen2.

2. devtools - Issues in R package after CRAN asked to replace dontrun by donttest - Stack Overflow answered by Hong Ooi on Sep 1 2020. (Also see the additional comments in response to the answer.) See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63693563/issues-in-r-package-after-cran-asked-to-replace-dontrun-by-donttest.

References

1. John W. Eaton, David Bateman, Søren Hauberg, and Rik Wehbring (November 2022). GNU Octave: A high-level interactive language for numerical computations: Edition 7 for Octave version 7.3.0. https://docs.octave.org/octave.pdf. Page 553.

2. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Wikipedia, 24 February 2019, "Radian", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian.

See Also

cos if you have a radian (rad) angle value

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Example from GNU Octave cosd

cosd(seq(0, 80, by = 10))



# See Source 1 and Source 2

library(iemisc)

try(cosd("90"))

Description

Calculates the value of inverse secant for each element of x in degrees in a manner compatible with GNU Octave/MATLAB.

Usage

cotd(x)

Arguments

Value

The inverse secant of each element of x in degrees.

Author(s)

David Bateman (GNU Octave cotd), Irucka Embry

References

John W. Eaton, David Bateman, Søren Hauberg, and Rik Wehbring (November 2022). GNU Octave: A high-level interactive language for numerical computations: Edition 7 for Octave version 7.3.0. https://docs.octave.org/octave.pdf. Page 554.

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Examples from GNU Octave cotd
cotd (seq(0, 80, by = 10))

cotd (c(0, 180, 360))

cotd (c(90, 270))

Description

Calculates the value of cosecant for each element of x in degrees in a manner compatible with GNU Octave/MATLAB.

Usage

cscd(x)

Arguments

Value

The cosecant of each element of x in degrees.

Author(s)

David Bateman (GNU Octave cscd), Irucka Embry

References

John W. Eaton, David Bateman, Søren Hauberg, and Rik Wehbring (November 2022). GNU Octave: A high-level interactive language for numerical computations: Edition 7 for Octave version 7.3.0. https://docs.octave.org/octave.pdf. Page 554.

See Also

asin if you have a radian (rad) angle value

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Examples from GNU Octave cscd
cscd (seq(0, 90, by = 10))

cscd (c(0, 180, 360))

cscd (c(90, 270))

Description

This function computes the sample coefficient of variation (CV).

Usage

cv(x, na.rm = FALSE)

Arguments

Details

CV is expressed as

$\frac{s}{\bar{x}} \cdot 100$

s

the sample standard deviation

$\bar{x}$

the sample arithmetic mean

Value

coefficient of variation (CV), as a percent (%), as an R object: a numeric vector or a named numeric vector if using a named object (matrix, data.frame, or data.table). The default choice is that any NA values will be kept (na.rm = FALSE). This can be changed by specifying na.rm = TRUE, such as cv(x, na.rm = TRUE).

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

Source

1. r - How to not run an example using roxygen2? - Stack Overflow answered and edited by samkart on Jul 9 2017. (Also see the additional comments in response to the answer.) See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12038160/how-to-not-run-an-example-using-roxygen2.

2. devtools - Issues in R package after CRAN asked to replace dontrun by donttest - Stack Overflow answered by Hong Ooi on Sep 1 2020. (Also see the additional comments in response to the answer.) See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63693563/issues-in-r-package-after-cran-asked-to-replace-dontrun-by-donttest.

References

1. Masoud Olia, Ph.D., P.E. and Contributing Authors, Barron's FE (Fundamentals of Engineering Exam), 3rd Edition, Hauppauge, New York: Barron's Educational Series, Inc., 2015, page 84.

2. Irwin R. Miller, John E. Freund, and Richard Johnson, Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Fourth Edition, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1990, pages 25, 38.

See Also

sgm for geometric mean, shm for harmonic mean, rms for root-mean-square (RMS), relerror for relative error, approxerror for approximate error, and ranges for sample range.

Examples

# Example 2.60 from Miller (page 38)

library(iemisc)

x <- c(14, 12, 21, 28, 30, 63, 29, 63, 55, 19, 20)
# suspended solids in parts per million (ppm)

cv(x)


# using a matrix of the numeric vector x
mat1 <- matrix(data = x, nrow = length(x), ncol = 1, byrow = FALSE,
        dimnames = list(c(rep("", length(x))), "Samples"))
cv(mat1)


# using a data.frame of the numeric vector x
df <- data.frame(x)
cv(df)


# using a data.table of the numeric vector x

library(data.table)

dt <- data.table(x)
cv(dt)



# modified Example 2.60 from Miller (page 38)
xx <- c(14, 12, 21, 28, 30, 63, 29, 63, 55, 19, 20, NA)
# suspended solids in parts per million (ppm)

cv(xx) # na.rm = FALSE is the default
cv(xx, na.rm = TRUE)





# See Source 1 and Source 2

# Example 3

# Please see the error messages

library(iemisc)

try(cv(0))
try(cv(1))
try(cv(1003.23))






# Example 4 - from the archived cvcqv README

xu <- c(0.2, 0.5, 1.1, 1.4, 1.8, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 3.5, 4.4, 4.6, 5.4,
5.4, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 6.0, 6.6, 7.1, 7.9)

results2 <- cv(xu)
results2

Description

Takes degrees values (as numeric vector or character vector coercible to a numeric vector) and transforms them into their respective Cardinal direction (4-wind compass rose), Intercardinal direction (8-wind compass rose), Secondary intercardinal direction (16-wind compass rose), or Tertiary intercardinal direction (32-wind compass rose) character vectors.

Usage

deg2cardinal(degrees, main_winds = c(4, 8, 16, 32))

Arguments

Value

the cardinal or intercardinal direction for the given compass rose

Note

Stack Overflow user contributions are "distributed under the terms of CC BY-SA 3.0" "from 2011-04-08 up to but not including 2018-05-02 (UTC)". [Stack Overflow Reference] I have decided to make my adaptions to the Stack Overflow user contributions as CC BY-SA 4.0 thereby enabling me to license my adaptions to the aforementioned code as GPLv3. [Creative Commons References] Stack Overflow user contributions are "distributed under the terms of CC BY-SA 4.0" "on or after 2018-05-02 (UTC)". [Stack Overflow Reference] Thus, my adaptions of the Stack Overflow code can be released as GPLv3. [Creative Commons References]

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

Source

1. Stack Overflow: Convert from compass direcitions to degrees r answered by user2957945 on Mar 4, 2017 and edited by user2957945 on Mar 10, 2020. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42597344/convert-from-compass-direcitions-to-degrees-r.

2. Stack Overflow: Converting wind direction in angles to text words answered by azdatasci on Sep 26, 2018. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7490660/converting-wind-direction-in-angles-to-text-words.

References

1. Creative Commons. Weblog Archives, October 8, 2015, "CC BY-SA 4.0 now one-way compatible with GPLv3: The declaration increases interoperability of the commons for games, hardware designs, and more" Posted by mike, https://creativecommons.org/2015/10/08/cc-by-sa-4-0-now-one-way-compatible-with-gplv3/.

2. Stack Overflow. Help Center, "What is the license for the content I post?", https://stackoverflow.com/help/licensing.

3. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Wikipedia, 16 September 2025, "Points of the compass", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Points_of_the_compass.

See Also

cardinal2deg for the reverse function

Examples

# Example 1 from bearing_survey

library(iemisc)

Northing_begin <- 283715.8495
Easting_begin <- 1292428.3999

Northing_end <- 303340.6977
Easting_end <- 1295973.7743

ne <- bearing_survey(Northing_begin, Easting_begin, Northing_end,
Easting_end, units = "survey_ft", location = "TN", output = "basic")

ne

deg2cardinal(ne, main_winds = 4)

deg2cardinal(ne, main_winds = 8)

deg2cardinal(ne, main_winds = 16)

deg2cardinal(ne, main_winds = 32)



# Examples 2 

install.load::load_package("iemisc", "sp")

deg2cardinal(50.62, main_winds = 8)

deg2cardinal(c(23, 57), main_winds = 16)

deg2cardinal(c(80.62, 123), main_winds = 8)

deg2cardinal(201.07628, main_winds = 32)

deg2cardinal("201.07628", main_winds = 16)

deg2cardinal(340.9237, main_winds = 16)

deg2cardinal(320.9237, main_winds = 8)

deg2cardinal(as.numeric(char2dms("36d22'6.43923\"N")), main_winds = 4)

deg2cardinal(as.numeric(char2dms("36d22'6.43923\"N")), main_winds = 32)

deg2cardinal(as.numeric(char2dms("82d10'46.87679\"W")), main_winds = 8)
as.numeric(char2dms("82d10'46.87679\"W")) # Notice the sign of the degrees

deg2cardinal(as.numeric(char2dms("82d10'46.87679\"W")), main_winds = 32)

Description

This function solves for the density of water using only the temperature of the water in either units of degrees Celsius, degrees Fahrenheit, or Kelvin.

Usage

density_water(
  Temp,
  units = c("SI", "Eng", "Absolute"),
  Eng_units = c("slug/ft^3", "lbm/ft^3")
)

Arguments

Details

The simplified equation is expressed as

$\frac{\\rho^{t}}{\\rho_c} = 1 + b_1 \times \\tau^{1/3} + b_2 \times \\tau^{2/3} + b_3 \times \\tau^{5/3} + b_4 \times \\tau^{16/3} + b_5 \times \\tau^{43/3} + b_6 \times \\tau^{110/3}$

where

$\\rho_c = 322 \frac{kg}{m^3}$

where

$\\tau = 1 - \\theta$

where

$\\theta = \frac{T}{T_c}$

where

$T_c = 647.096 K$

with

$b_1 = 1.99274064$

$b_2 = 1.09965342$

$b_3 = -0.510839303$

$b_4 = -1.75493479$

$b_5 = -45.5170352$

$b_6 = -6.74694450 * 10 ^ 5$

\rho' = rho^t in the equation

Water Density (mass divided by volume) [kg/m^3, slug/ft^3, or lbm/ft^3]

\rho_c

Water Density at the critical point, kg/m^3

T

the water temperature, Kelvin

T_c

the critical water temperature, Kelvin

Value

the density as a numeric vector. The units are not returned.

Note

Note: 1 lbf = 1 slug * 1 ft/sec^2, thus 1 slug = 1 lbf * sec^2 / 1 ft (Reference 2)

Thus, lbm/ft^3 = lbf*s^2/ft/ft^3

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

IAPWS SR1-86 (1992). "Revised Supplementary Release on Saturation Properties of Ordinary Water Substance". September 1992, https://www.iapws.org/relguide/Supp-sat.html

Examples

# Example 1 (Compare to reference standard in Reference paper)

library(iemisc)

273.16 # K

373.1243 # K

647.096 # K

Temp <- c(273.16, 373.1243, 647.096)

round::round_r3(density_water(Temp, units = "Absolute"), d = 3)


# Reference standard

999.789 # kg/m^3
958.365 # kg/m^3
322 # kg/m^3





# Example 2 - Example from the hydraulics package

library(iemisc)

rho <- hydraulics::dens(T = 25, units = "SI"); rho

rho2 <- density_water(Temp = 25, units = "SI"); rho2





# Example 3 - compare with densityH2Ov from aiRthermo

install.load::load_package("iemisc", "units")

Temp <- 180

# create a numeric vector with the units of degrees Celsius
T_C <- set_units(Temp, "degree_C")
T_C

# create a numeric vector to convert from degrees Celsius to Kelvin
T_K <- T_C
T_K

# create a numeric vector with the units of Kelvin
units(T_K) <- make_units(K)

pre <- aiRthermo::saturation_pressure_H2O(drop_units(T_K))
pre

rho_h2o <- aiRthermo::densityH2Ov(pre, drop_units(T_K), consts =
aiRthermo::export_constants()); rho_h2o

# Should not be the same as aiRthermo deals with water vapor rather than
# saturated liquid water

density_water(Temp = drop_units(T_K), units = "Absolute")

Description

This function computes the discount price using the original and sales prices.

Usage

discount(original_price, sales_price)

Arguments

Value

a numeric vector with the discount amount.

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

Mathspar Tutorials. "Discount Calculator (With Steps) — Find the Discount (percent) or Price Before or After Discount", https://mathspar.com/discount-calculator/.

See Also

final_price and the discount_percent

Examples

# Examples

library(iemisc)

discount(2.24, 2.00)


original_price <- 12345.98

sales_price <- 67.32

discount(original_price, sales_price)

Description

This function computes the discount percent using the original and sales prices.

Usage

discount_percent(original_price, sales_price)

Arguments

Value

a numeric vector with the discount amount.

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

Mathspar Tutorials. "Discount Calculator (With Steps) — Find the Discount (percent) or Price Before or After Discount", https://mathspar.com/discount-calculator/.

See Also

final_price and the discount

Examples

# Examples

library(iemisc)

discount_percent(2.24, 2.00)


original_price <- 12345.98

sales_price <- 67.32

discount_percent(original_price, sales_price)

Description

Computes the daily amount of water to drink based on a Human Being's mass (grams or kilograms) or weight (pound force). Although technically speaking this function uses the lb mass (lbm) unit in the conversion calculations, it is "standing in" for the scale weight as lb force (lbf). For example, a scale weight of 190 lbs (lbf) would have a mass of 190 and a mass_unit of lb mass for use in this function. Please refer to the 3 references dealing with mass and weight and remember that Weight = Mass x the Earth's gravitational effect.

Usage

drink_water_daily(
  mass,
  mass_unit = c("lb mass", "kg", "g"),
  water_unit = c("mL", "L", "fluid oz", "cup", "pint", "quart", "US gallon"),
  output = c("basic", "data.table")
)

Arguments

Value

the amount of water in the given unit as a numeric vector or a data.table with the amount of water in the following units: fluid oz, mL, L, cup, pint, quart, and US gallon.

Note

"Every twenty-four hours the body recycles the equivalent of forty thousand glasses of water to maintain its normal physiological functions. It does this every day of its life. Within this pattern of water metabolism and its recycling process, and depending on environmental conditions, the body becomes short of about six to ten glasses of water each day. This deficit has to be supplied to the body every day."

"If you think you are different and your body does not need this amount of water, you are making a major mistake. The body uses up the equivalent of between six to eight glasses of its total body water for essential functions. It needs on average upwards of half its weight in ounces of water per day—a minimum of eight to ten glasses. Water should be taken in eight- or sixteen- ounce portions spaced throughout the day. In the same way you don't let your car run out of gas before you fill the tank, the body must not be allowed to become dehydrated before you drink water." [Reference 2]

This function calculates the daily water intake based on a person's mass or weight according to the Batmanghelidj Reference.

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

1. Engineering Stack Exchange, "mechanical engineering - Pound-force (lbf) vs Pound-mass (lbm)", https://engineering.stackexchange.com/questions/2300/pound-force-lbf-vs-pound-mass-lbm.

2. F. Batmanghelidj, M.D., Water for Health, for Healing, for Life: You're Not Sick, You're Thirsty!, 2003, pages 149-150, ISBN#: 978-0-446-69074-4.

3. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Wikipedia, 11 August 2025, "Pound (force)", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(force).

4. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Wikipedia, 20 August 2025, "Pound (mass)", https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass).

Examples

# Example 1

library(iemisc)

mass <- 18

mass_unit <- "lb mass"

water_unit <- "fluid oz"

output <- "data.table"

drink_water_daily(mass, mass_unit = mass_unit, water_unit = water_unit, output = output)






# Example 2

library(iemisc)

mass <- 8

mass_unit <- "g"

water_unit <- "cup"

output <- "data.table"

drink_water_daily(mass, mass_unit = mass_unit, water_unit = water_unit, output = output)






# Example 3

library(iemisc)

mass <- 8

mass_unit <- "kg"

water_unit <- "mL"

output <- "basic"

drink_water_daily(mass, mass_unit = mass_unit, water_unit = water_unit, output = output)







# Example 4

library(iemisc)

mass <- 79532.76

mass_unit <- "g"

water_unit <- "quart"

output <- "basic"

drink_water_daily(mass, mass_unit = mass_unit, water_unit = water_unit, output = output)

Description

This function solves for the absolute or dynamic viscosity of water using only the temperature of the water in either units of degrees Celsius, degrees Fahrenheit, or Kelvin.

Usage

dyn_visc_water(
  Temp,
  units = c("SI", "Eng", "Absolute"),
  Eng_units = c("slug/ft/s", "lbf*s/ft^2")
)

Arguments

Details

The simplified equation is expressed as

$\\mu_s = \frac{1}{a + bT + cT^2 + dT^3}$

with

$a = 557.82468$

$b = 19.408782$

$c = 0.1360459$

$d = -3.1160832 * 10 ^ -4$

\mu_s

Water Absolute or Dynamic Viscosity (kg/m*s, slug/ft/s, or lbf*s/ft^2)

T

the water temperature, degrees Celsius

Value

the absolute or dynamic viscosity as a numeric vector. The units are not returned.

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

C. O. Popiel & J. Wojtkowiak (1998). "Simple Formulas for Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Water for Heat Transfer Calculations (from 0C to 150C)". Heat Transfer Engineering, 19:3, 87-101, article from ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239243539_Simple_Formulas_for_Thermophysical_Properties_of_Liquid_Water_for_Heat_Transfer_Calculations_from_0C_to_150C.

Examples

# Example 1 (Compare to the tabulated values in the Reference paper)

install.load::load_package("iemisc", "data.table", "round")

Temp <- c(0, 0.01, 3.86, seq(5, 95, by = 5), 99.974, seq(100, 150, by = 5))

dynamic_viscosity <- data.table("Temperature (degrees C)" = Temp,
"mu (* 10 ^ 6, kg / m*s)" = round_r3(dyn_visc_water(Temp, units = "SI")
* 10^6, d = 1))
dynamic_viscosity





# Example 2 - Example from the hydraulics package

library(iemisc)

mu <- hydraulics::dvisc(T = 55, units = "Eng"); mu

mu2 <- dyn_visc_water(Temp = 55, units = "Eng", Eng_units = "lbf*s/ft^2"); mu2

Description

Computes the effective interest rate given the nominal interest rate per period

Usage

EffInt(
  r,
  frequency = c("annual", "semiannual", "quarter", "bimonth", "month", "daily")
)

Arguments

Details

i is expressed as

$i = \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^n - 1$

i

the "effective interest rate per interest period"

r

the "nominal interest rate"

n

the "number of compounding periods per year"

Value

EffInt numeric vector that contains the effective interest rate rounded to 2 decimal places (this is the i used in the other Engineering Economics functions)

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

References

1. SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering. 3rd Edition, DiNenno, P. J.; Drysdale, D.; Beyler, C. L.; Walton, W. D., Editor(s), page 5-95, 2002. Chapter 7; Section 5; NFPA HFPE-02. See https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185316/http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build02/PDF/b02155.pdf.

2. William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, and C. Patrick Koelling, Engineering Economy, Fourteenth Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2009, pages 164-165.

Examples

library(iemisc)

# Example 4-28 from Sullivan Reference text (page 165)
EffInt(1.375, frequency = "month")
# the nominal interest rate per period (month) is 1.375\%


# Example from SFPE Reference text
EffInt(18 / 12, frequency = "month")
# the nominal interest rate is 18\% per year or 18\% / 12 months

Description

Takes Kentucky or Tennessee-based Northing and Easting engineering survey measurements [based in the State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS)] in meters, international foot, or US survey foot and converts those values into geodetic coordinates of the World Geodetic System (WGS) (19)84 (EPSG:4326). [MapTiler Reference] Each latitude [Y] and longitude [X] point is verified to be located within Kentucky or Tennessee.

Usage

engr_survey(
  Northing,
  Easting,
  units = c("survey_ft", "foot", "meters"),
  location = c("KY", "TN"),
  output = c("basic", "table"),
  utm = c(0, 1)
)

Arguments

Value

the projected associated latitude [Y] and longitude [X] coordinates in Decimal Degrees as a data.table or as an enhanced data.table with the latitude [Y] and longitude [X] coordinates in Decimal Degrees, Degrees Minutes, Degrees Minutes Seconds & the State Plane Northing and Easting coodinates in meters, US survey foot, and the international foot

Note

Please Note: If you have Kentucky North/South Zone survey measurements, then please use the Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky - Kentucky Single Coordinate Conversion Tool (http://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/CoordConversionTool.asp) instead. That tool will give you the geographic coordinates too. This R function, engr_survey will only be valid for NAD83 / Kentucky Single Zone.

Useful Tennessee reference Web site Tennessee Department of Transportation Roadway Design Survey Standards https://www.tn.gov/tdot/engineering-division/engineering-production-support/standard-drawings-library/standard-roadway-drawings/roadway-design-standards.html

Useful Kentucky reference Web site Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Survey Coordination https://transportation.ky.gov/Highway-Design/Pages/Survey-Coordination.aspx

Author(s)

Irucka Embry

Source

1. Win-Vector Blog. John Mount, June 11, 2018, "R Tip: use isTRUE()", https://win-vector.com/2018/06/11/r-tip-use-istrue/.

2. Latitude Longitude Coordinates to State Code in R - Stack Overflow answered by Josh O'Brien on Jan 6 2012 and edited by Josh O'Brien on Jun 18, 2020. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8751497/latitude-longitude-coordinates-to-state-code-in-r.

3. r - Convert column classes in data.table - Stack Overflow answered by Matt Dowle on Dec 27 2013. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7813578/convert-column-classes-in-data-table.

4. Excel vlook up function in R for data frame - Stack Overflow answered by Tyler Rinker on Apr 8 2013 and edited by Tyler Rinker on Feb 26 2014. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15882743/excel-vlook-up-function-in-r-for-data-frame.

5. r - Converting geo coordinates from degree to decimal - Stack Overflow answered by Robbes on Jan 3 2018 and edited by ayaio on Jan 3 2018. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14404596/converting-geo-coordinates-from-degree-to-decimal.

6. r - How to not run an example using roxygen2? - Stack Overflow answered and edited by samkart on Jul 9 2017. (Also see the additional comments in response to the answer.) See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12038160/how-to-not-run-an-example-using-roxygen2.

7. devtools - Issues in R package after CRAN asked to replace dontrun by donttest - Stack Overflow answered by Hong Ooi on Sep 1 2020. (Also see the additional comments in response to the answer.) See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63693563/issues-in-r-package-after-cran-asked-to-replace-dontrun-by-donttest.

References

1. udunits.dat, v 1.18 2006/09/20 18:59:18 steve Exp, https://web.archive.org/web/20230202155021/https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/udunits/udunits-1/udunits.txt. Retrieved thanks to the Internet Archive: Wayback Machine

2. Spatial Reference, Aug. 13, 2004, "EPSG:3088: NAD83 / Kentucky Single Zone", https://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/3088/.

3. Spatial Reference, March 7, 2000, "EPSG:32136 NAD83 / Tennessee", https://spatialreference.org/ref/epsg/32136/.

4. MapTiler Team, "EPSG:4326: WGS 84 – WGS84 - World Geodetic System 1984, used in GPS, https://epsg.io/4326.

5. Tennessee Department of Transportation Design Division, Tennessee Department of Transportation Tennessee Geodetic Reference Network (TGRN) Reference Manual Second Edition Issued, page ix, https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/tdot/documents/TgrnComposite.pdf.

6. Earth Point, "State Plane Coordinate System - Convert, View on Google Earth", https://www.earthpoint.us/StatePlane.aspx.

7. National Geodetic Survey datasheet95, version 8.12.5.3, online retrieval date July 25, 2019, Mid Valley Oil Rad Relay Twr designation, HA1363 PID, Grayson County Kentucky, Clarkson (1967) USGS Quad, https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=HA1363.

8. National Geodetic Survey datasheet95, version 8.12.5.3, online retrieval date July 25, 2019, 2006 42 07 designation, DL4005 PID, Fayette County Kentucky, Lexington West (1993) USGS Quad, https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=DL4005.

See Also

engr_surveyer for the wrapper function and engr_survey_batch for the multiple values function

Examples

# Please refer to the iemisc: Engineering Survey Examples vignette for
# additional examples

# Test 1 against TGRN Manual (Reference 5)
# using the 1983 (1995) DATUM
# GPS 1 is the station name with these coordinates
# latitude (North) = 36 22 6.43923
# longitude (West) = 82 10 46.87679

library(iemisc)

Northing_test1 <- 232489.480 # provided in TGRN Manual
Easting_test1 <- 942754.124 # provided in TGRN Manual

tgrn1 <- engr_survey(Northing_test1, Easting_test1, "meters", "TN", output =
"table", utm = 0)
tgrn1



# Test 2 against TGRN Manual (Reference 5)
# using the 1983 (1995) DATUM
# GPS 60 is the station name with these coordinates
# latitude (North) = 35 8 46.44496
# longitude (West) = 89 54 24.04763

library(iemisc)

Northing_test2 <- 97296.815 # provided in TGRN Manual
Easting_test2 <- 244089.427 # provided in TGRN Manual

tgrn2 <- engr_survey(Northing_test2, Easting_test2, "meters", "TN", output =
"table", utm = 0)
tgrn2



# Test 3 against the NGS Data sheet (Reference 7)
# using the NAD 83(1993) DATUM
# with these adjusted coordinates
# latitude (North) = 37 24 17.73330
# longitude (West) = 086 14 14.18027

library(iemisc)

# The following coordinates were computed from the latitude / longitude
# using NAD 83(1993)
Northing_test3 <- "1,119,041.443" # provided in NGS Data sheet
Easting_test3 <- "1,456,861.006" # provided in NGS Data sheet

ky1 <- engr_survey(Northing_test3, Easting_test3, "meters", "KY", output =
"table", utm = 0)
ky1



# Test 4 against the NGS Data sheet (Reference 8)
# using the NAD 83(2011) DATUM
# with these no check coordinates
# latitude (North) = 38 04 23.86331
# longitude (West) = 084 32 04.55607

library(iemisc)

# The following coordinates were computed from the latitude / longitude
# using NAD 83(2011)
Northing_test4 <- "3,671,388.47" # provided in NGS Data sheet
Easting_test4 <- "4,779,718.15" # provided in NGS Data sheet

ky2 <- engr_survey(Northing_test4, Easting_test4, "survey_ft", "KY", output =
"table", utm = 0)
ky2




# Example 1
# Kentucky (KY) Northing and Easting in US Survey foot

library(iemisc)

Northing1 <- 3807594.80077

Easting1 <- 5625162.88913

dt1 <- engr_survey(Northing = Northing1, Easting = Easting1, units =
"survey_ft", location = "KY", output = "table", utm = 1)
dt1



# Example 2
# Kentucky (KY) Northing and Easting in meters

library(iemisc)

Northing2 <- 1170338.983

Easting2 <- 1624669.125

dt2 <- engr_survey(Northing2, Easting2, "meters", "KY", output = "basic",
utm = 0)
dt2




# See Source 6 and Source 7

# Please see the error messages

library(iemisc)

# Tennessee (TN) Northing and Easting in US Survey foot
Northing3 <- c("630817.6396", "502170.6065", "562,312.2349", "574,370.7178")

Easting3 <- c("2559599.9201", "1433851.6509", "1,843,018.4099", "1,854,896.0041")


dt3 <- try(engr_survey(Northing3, Easting3, "survey_ft", "TN", output = "basic",
utm = 0))


Northing4 <- c(232489.480, 234732.431)

Easting4 <- c(942754.124, 903795.239)

dt4 <- try(engr_survey(Northing4, Easting4, "survey_ft", "TN", output =
"basic", utm = 0))

Description

Takes Kentucky or Tennessee-based Northing and Easting engineering survey measurements [based in the State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS)] in meters, international foot, or US survey foot and converts those values into geodetic coordinates of the World Geodetic System (WGS) (19)84 (EPSG:4326). [MapTiler Reference] Each latitude [Y] and longitude [X] point is verified to be located within Kentucky or Tennessee. This is the batch version of engr_survey as it processes multiple pairs of Northing and Easting points at a time.

Usage

engr_survey_batch(
  Northing,
  Easting,
  units = c("survey_ft", "foot", "meters"),
  location = c("KY", "TN"),
  output = c("basic", "table"),
  utm = c(0, 1)
)

Arguments

Value

the projected associated latitude [Y] and longitude [X] coordinates in Decimal Degrees as a data.table or as an enhanced data.table with the latitude [Y] and longitude [X] coordinates in Decimal Degrees, Degrees Minutes, Degrees Minutes Seconds & the State Plane Northing and Easting coodinates in meters, US survey foot, and the international foot

Note

Please Note: If you have Kentucky North/South Zone survey measurements, then please use the Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky - Kentucky Single Coordinate Conversion Tool (http://kgs.uky.edu/kgsweb/CoordConversionTool.asp) instead. That tool will give you the geographic coordinates too. This R function, engr_survey_batch will only be valid for NAD83 / Kentucky Single Zone.

Useful Tennessee reference Web site Tennessee Department of Transportation Roadway Design Survey Standards https://www.tn.gov/tdot/engineering-division/engineering-production-support/standard-drawings-library/standard-roadway-drawings/roadway-design-standards.html

Useful Kentucky reference Web site Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Survey Coordination https://transportation.ky.gov/Highway-Design/Pages/Survey-Coordination.aspx

Author(s)

Irucka Embry